The rise in use of biotechnology comes with its accompanying wave of problems that affect almost every fragment of the human life. Suffice to say, the results of those innovations have great bearing with respect to their protection as “property rights”. With development in many indispensable state-of-the-art equipment, there have been consequential innovations, advantageous mutations and varied explorations in diverse fields of human endeavor, which, to say the least, are methodological based and solution oriented. The reality of these innovations informs a corresponding need to protect various sorts of property rights, either via the grant of patents, copyrights, trademarks or industrial designs and in specific context pertaining to this discourse, plant breeders’ rights. Employing the use of doctrinal research methodology, the focus of the ensuing discourse is targeted towards navigating the regulation of genetically engineered plants and plant breeding in Nigeria, whilst taking into consideration applicable regulatory frameworks relevant to the subject under view (international and domestic legal frameworks). Using the public interest theory, the research explores how the regime of the Plant Variety Protection Act, 2021 has brought increased development in the Nigerian agricultural landscape, obviously for public benefit. The paper further examine the strengths and lacunas inherent in the Nigeria Plant Variety Protection Act, 2021.  As part of its findings, the discourse establishes that paucity in awareness of the laws regulating the industry and recommends the need for robust information dissemination and fortified implementation mechanisms/collaborations to ensure the intended objective of the Act is realized and impact maximized to impart the Nigeria’s economy.

Keywords: Genetic Engineering, Plants Varieties, Public Interest Theory, Seeds, Breeder’s Rights.