PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF CASSAVA PEEL MEAL–Calopogonium Mucunoides FEED WAFFLES FOR RUMINANTS
Keywords:
Cassava peel meal, Calopogonium mucunoides, proximate composition, agro-industrial by-product, feed processingAbstract
This study evaluated the proximate composition of ruminant feed waffles produced from diets containing graded levels of cassava peel meal with corresponding levels of Calopogonium mucunoides. Four experimental diets containing graded levels of cassava peel meal (7, 10, 13, and 16%) with corresponding levels of Calopogonium mucunoides (0, 7, 14, and 21%) were formulated in a Completely Randomized Design with three replicates per treatment. The feed mixtures were processed into waffles and analysed for proximate composition using standard AOAC procedures. The results showed that dry matter increased significantly (P = 0.03) from 80.42% (T1) to 85.72% (T4), while crude protein increased (P = 0.01) from 18.62% to 22.80%. Ether extract also increased significantly (P = 0.04) from 3.18% to 4.12%, whereas ash content increased (P = 0.01) from 7.84% to 9.37%. Conversely, crude fibre decreased significantly (P = 0.02) from 6.01% to 5.10%, while nitrogen-free extract varied only slightly (63.93–58.61%) and was not significantly affected by treatment (P = 0.18). Among the dietary treatments, T4 (16% cassava peel meal + 21% Calopogonium mucunoides) produced the most favourable proximate composition, recording the highest dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, and ash contents together with the lowest crude fibre concentration. The findings indicate that cassava peel meal and Calopogonium mucunoides can be combined to produce nutritionally improved waffle-processed ruminant feeds. However, further feeding trials are required to evaluate feed intake, nutrient digestibility, animal performance, and economic efficiency before practical recommendations can be made.
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