DEAF EXCLUSION IN PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES: IMPLICATION FOR HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN ODOAKPU ONITSH NORTH

Abstract

This research examined the marginalisation of Deaf individuals in economic activities and its impact on human capital development in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study population consisted of 120 participants: 70 Deaf individuals, 20 family members, 20 employers, and 10 policymakers or representatives from non-governmental organisations. A descriptive mixed-methods approach was employed, utilising structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews for data collection. Quantitative data were examined by descriptive statistics, whilst qualitative data underwent theme analysis. Findings indicated that 71.4% of Deaf respondents had obtained vocational or technical skills; however, only 50% effectively utilised these competencies in economic endeavours. Approximately 45.7% were economically inactive and reliant on familial or philanthropic assistance. Primary obstacles to economic involvement comprised communication challenges (85.7%), social stigma (78.6%), and restricted access to financial resources (60%). These limits impeded the efficient utilisation of human capital, elevated dependence ratios, and diminished total production within the state. The report asserts that the development of human capital must deliberately incorporate marginalised groups, including the Deaf, to attain sustained national growth. It advocates for the fortification of inclusive legislation, the augmentation of vocational and entrepreneurial opportunities, the assurance of workplace accessibility, and the promotion of public awareness to mitigate discrimination. Institutional and societal interventions are crucial for transforming the skills of Deaf individuals into productive participation that promotes economic development and social fairness in Nigeria.