INVESTIGATING THE ENERGY PROSPECT OF PIGEON PEA WASTE, RICE STRAW AND DONKEY RUMEN LIQOUR, USING A 25 - LITRES PLASTIC DIGESTER
Keywords:
Anaerobic Digestion, Biogas Production, Co-digestion, Agricultural Waste, Plastic Bio-digester, Renewable Energy, Waste Management, Industrial PhysicsAbstract
This study investigated the energy generation potential of pigeon pea waste ,rice straw, and donkey rumen liquor through anaerobic digestion using a 25-liters locally fabricated plastic bio-digester. The digester was constructed and operated at Enugu state university of Science and Technology, Agbani, and was charged with a feedstock-to-water ratio of 1:1:2:2 by mass(6kg each of rice straw and pigeon pea waste, 12kg of donkey rumen liquor and 12kg of water ), achieving a 75% fill level. The retention period spanned 25 days, during which daily biogas production, ambient and slurry temperatures, gas pressure, and pH values were monitored. Biogas production commenced on the 9th day and peaked on the 19th day with a maximum daily yield of 920mL at a slurry temperature of 40°C. The cumulative biogas yield was 9,461mL over the 25-day period, indicating sustained gas production beyond the observation window. The biogas was purified using a multi-stage scrubbing system involving sodium hydroxide, silica gel, activated carbon and water, which resulted in the removal of approximately 92.6% CO₂ and 90% H₂S. Combustion tests confirmed the flammability of the purified gas, suggesting its suitability for domestic applications. Comparative error analysis and statistical tests (MBE, RMSE, MPE and t-test) demonstrated good performance of the constructed digester relative to a 45-liter reference model. The results affirmed the viability of co-digesting agricultural and animal wastes for sustainable energy production, offering a cost-effective solution for waste management and environmental conservation in Nigeria.
References
Adeleke, B.H, Ethion, O, Omega, A.C. (2020).Potential of selected tropical crops and manure as sources of biogas .Dr. Sunil Kumar(ED),ISSBN: 978-953-0204
Antgelidaki J., Tiue, L., Tsapekos, P., Luo, A. Companouro, S., Werizwl, H. & Kougas, P.G. (2018). Biogas upgrading and utilization: Current status and perpesctives Biotechnol.Adv, 36(2) 452-466.
Anyaoha, K.E., Krujatz, F., Hodgkinson, M. R., and Dornack, C. (2023). Microalgae contribution in enhancing the circular economy during biochemical conversion system –A review: carbon resource.
Arnold, W., Pastor –Perezl, A. B. & Reina, T. R. (2020). Catalytic upgrading of a biogas model mixture via low Temperature DRM Using Multicomponent catalysts. Top. Catal., 63, 281-293.
Beena, H. B. (2012). Biomass characterization and its use ads solid fuel for combulstion. Iranica .J. Energy & Environ. 3(2) 123-128.
Brimma P.T, Angelidaki, I. & Fotidis, A. (2017). Anaerobic co-digestion of agricultural by products with manure for enlienced biogas production. Energy fuel, 29(12) 8088- 8094.
Denmeh, Y.C., Teng, Z. & Itug, J. (2014). Design and optimization principles of biogas reactors in large-scale applications: Reactor and process design in sustain. Energy Tech., 99-34.
Dioha, M.O. & Chukwuma, E. (2003) potential for biogas production in Anambra State of Nigeria using cow dung and poultry droppings. Int. J. vet. SC:
Ezeokoye, J.C. (2014). The dynamic evaluation of methane technologies Nigerians journal of Energy 4(2) 22 -25.
Fagbenle, E.O. & Olukami, D.O. (2022). Production and Purification of biogas from cassava feel using cow dung as into culum hit .J.sc. sustain. Development, 993, 1755-1315.
Fry, L.J. (1974). Practical Building of Methane Power Plants for Rural Energy Independence. Google Scholar
Garba, E.L, Oguntibeju, I.O. & Balogun, O.J. (1996). Experimental investigation of energy potentials of kitchen organic waste. J. Engr. Res. 21(1) 133-140.
Hannah,R , Max,R and Pablo,R.(2020).”Energy our world in data, world energy statistics/Enerdata” yearbook.enerdata.net
Hutagalung, R. (2014). Extraction and characterization of bioactive compounds from cultured and natural sponge, Hilitoria moliba and stylotella aurantium origin of Indonesia. Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, 4(305)
IBEP (2006). Introducing the international bioenergy platform, food. Retrived: 23rd June, 2025.
Jekayinfa, S.O., Orisoleye, J. I & Pacenka, R. (2020). An assessment of potential resources for biomass energy in Nigeria. Resources, 9(8), 92.
Loehr, M. Q. (1984). Microbial ecology during anaerobia fermentation of cellulose waste materials to Sk. Vyas, Grewal, N.S (Ed).Biogas Technology USG Publisher, Luthiana India, 21-26.
Mohammed, K. J., Mohammed, A. M. & Hussan, S.A. (2024). Biogas; Production, Properties Applications, Economic and Challenges. A Review: Results in Chemistry 7, 101-549.
Muhibbu-Dim, E.J., Hashimoto, G. & Varriel, H. (2020). Production and Characterization of Biogas from Domestic Waste by Anaerobic Digestion. Nigerian .J. Of Energy. 1(4) (44-49).
NAP Progress publication /UNFCCC (2024).unfccc.int>resources>publication… United Nations Frame-work Convention on Climate Change.
Nagendrababu, V., Chong, B.S., Mccabe, P., Shah, P., Priya, E., Jayaman, J., Pulikkoti, S.J., Setzer, F.C., Sunde, P.T. & Dumme, P.M. (2020). Guideline for reporting case reports in Endodontics. Int.Endod J, 53(5) 619-626.
Nwankwo, C.S., Eze, J.L. & Okoyeuzu, C. (2017). Design and Fabrication of 3.60 M3 Household Plastic bio digester loaded with kitchen waste and cow dung for biogas generation. Scientific Research and Essays, 12 (14)130-141.
Nigeria Renewable Energy Road-map, NREMP .(2023). Nigrian’s 2023 renewable energy road-map Developed by Int.Renew.Energy,Agency IRENA and Nigeria Energy Commission
Okogbue, E.C. and Ojo, B.O. (2003).Local Production of Renewable Energy (Biogas) from animal waste for domestic and laboratory uses .Nigerian journal of solar energy.14,121-125
16)202-210.
Olawele, O.E. & Ebun, E.O (2017). Empirical study of energy prospect of cassava peels, cow dung and saw dust. Journal of Enginerring Research and Development, 1(2) 143- 148.
Olorunmaiye, J.A., & Olawale, O. E. (2016). Empirical study Of Energy Prospect Of cassava peels, Cow Dung and saw dust. Int. J. Engr. Sustain. Resos 4 (6)12-15.
Pudi, A, Rezae, M, Signorini, V, GGiacinti, M, Baschetti,M, Mansouri,S.(2022 ). Hydrogen sulfide capture and removal Technologies; A Comprehensive Review of Recent Development and Purification Technology,298, 121448
Qdais, H.A. (2010). Modelling and Optimization of biogas production from a
Waste digester using artificial neutral networks and genetic algorithm. Resources, Conservation and Recycling Elsevier, 54(6359-363.
Rajendra, K, Aslanzadeh, S,Taherzadeh,M.J.(2012). H0usehold biogas digester- A
Review, Energies,2(8)2911-2942
Sambo, A.S. (2011). Matching electricity supply with demand in Nigeria. Int. Asso. Energy Ecom. 32-6.
Smith, B. & Yaru, S.S. (1977). Comparative Biogas Ignition Time from cattle dung Mixture with Cassava and Plantain Peels. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 62(4)18-21.
Stanley, P. and Badger, P.C. (1978). Processing Cost analysis for biomass feed Stocks, General Bioenergy.
Sun, Q., LI, H. Yan, L., Yu, Z. & Yu, X. We(2015). Selection of appropriate biogas upgrading technology- A review of biogas cleaning upgrading and utilization Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 51(1)521-532.
Surendia K.C., Takara, D., Hashimoto, A.G. & Khanal, S. K. (2014). Biogas as a sustainable Energy Source for developing countries opportunities and challenges. Review Sustain Energy Rev, (2) 846-859.
Ukpai, P.A and Nnabuchi, M.N. (2012). Comparative study of biogas production from cow dung, cow pea and cassava peeling using 45-litres biogas digester. Advances in Applied Sciences Research, 3(3) 1836-1869.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2025 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, adaptation, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors are permitted to post their work online in institutional/disciplinary repositories or on their own websites. Pre-print versions posted online should include a citation and link to the final published version in Journal of Librarianship and Scholarly Communication as soon as the issue is available; post-print versions (including the final publisher's PDF) should include a citation and link to the journal's website.
