A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE BARRIERS TO QUALITY EDUCATION IN NORTHERN NIGERIA
Keywords:
Education Barriers, Northern Nigeria, Socio-economic Factors, Gender Disparity, InsecurityAbstract
This study presents a systematic literature review examining the barriers to quality education in Northern Nigeria. Education is a basic human right and the focal point of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), yet there are challenges in providing equal educational opportunities in Northern Nigeria. Five different categories of challenges are identified in the review process: Socio-economic factors, institutional or infrastructural challenges, cultural or gender-based issues, and security-based threats. Findings from this study indicates that poverty, poor parental education, and overcrowded classrooms hinder educational outcomes. Societal values and patriarchal systems contribute to gender gaps, while insurgency and violent conflict make learning environments insecure, resulting in school closures and psychological distress. The research indicates that successful interventions, such as government policies, global efforts, and community-led projects, are most effective when they are multi-dimensional and tailored to address structural, socio-economic, cultural, and security constraints simultaneously. By integrating findings from peer-reviewed literature and official documents, this study offers perspectives to inform policymakers, educators, and development professionals on how to develop strategies to enhance educational access, equity, and quality in Northern Nigeria.
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