SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH SELF‑REPORTED CHRONIC DISEASES AMONG ADULTS IN TUDUN WADA, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords:
Self-Report, Social Determinants of Health, Chronic Diseases, Adults, Urban HealthAbstract
Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are an increasing public health concern in Nigeria, with growing evidence that social determinants of health (SDOH) influence their distribution. Primary health care–oriented, community-level data remain limited in northern Nigeria. This study examined the association between selected SDOH and self-reported chronic diseases among adults in Tudun Wada, Zaria. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 385 adults selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire assessing structural and intermediary SDOH, healthcare-seeking behaviour, and self-reported physician-diagnosed chronic diseases. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported at a 5% significance level. Overall, 66.0% of respondents reported at least one chronic condition, a prevalence likely influenced by self-reporting. Low monthly income (< ₦20,000) was associated with higher odds of reporting a chronic disease (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.12–3.01). Lack of health insurance significantly predicted poor healthcare-seeking behaviour (AOR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.41–3.66). Social support was independently associated with better healthcare utilisation (AOR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.36–0.92). Self-reported chronic diseases are common among adults in Tudun Wada and are associated with adverse social and economic conditions. Findings highlight the importance of strengthening primary health care, expanding health insurance coverage, and integrating social support into chronic disease management at community level.
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