Dust haze, implications, Aviation, Human Health, Northern Nigeria

Abstract

Dust haze is a recurring environmental phenomenon known to cause serious meteorological hazards, affecting the entire environment and, more specifically, the aviation industry and human health in northern Nigeria. This region experiences thick dust haze due to its proximity to the Sahara Desert, the primary source of the dust. This review was conducted to identify the most likely implications of thick dust haze on the aviation industry and human health. Data were retrieved from PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus to identify studies reporting the effects of thick dust haze on both sectors. Findings revealed that flight incidents and fatal accidents have occurred in dust-laden air due to reduced visibility, strong gusty winds, and wind shear. Additionally, atmospheric dust has both long- and short-term effects on flight operations, including corrosion and abrasion of aircraft surfaces as well as molten ingress deterioration of engine hot components. These combined impacts can increase operating and maintenance costs, ultimately raising the overall expenses for air lines. Furthermore, most studies reported significant public health risks associated with thick dust haze, including allergic reactions, respiratory illnesses, and cardiovascular diseases. Given the severe implications of this natural catastrophe on both the aviation industry and human health, this study recommends that greater attention be given to preparing for, responding to, and mitigating these hazardous events. Implementing appropriate measures can help reduce their negative impacts on aviation operations and public health..