ASSESSMENT OF THE AVAILABILITY, FUNCTIONALITY AND ADEQUACY OF ICT FACILITIES FOR WAEC CBT EXAMINATIONS IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

Authors

  • Dr. Safiyanu MUSA Institute of Education, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Author
  • Yero SHEHU PhD Department of Educational Foundations, Umaru Musa Yaradu’a University, Katsina Author
  • Dr. Aliyu SANI Kiyawa Department of Educational Foundations and Curriculum, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Author

Keywords:

Availability, Functionality, Adequacy, ICT-Facilities and WAEC-CBT-Examination

Abstract

The study assessed the availability, functionality and adequacy of ICT facilities for WAEC CBT examinations in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Three objectives and three research questions were formulated to guide the study. Some of the objectives include: determine the availability of ICT-facilities for WAEC CBT examinations in Kaduna State. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of this study consisted of 432 WAEC centres and 141,408 SS3 from private and public senior secondary schools in Kaduna State. Checklist on availability, adequacy and functionality of ICT Facilities (CAAFIF) was used for the data collection. The data collected were analyzed using percentage, frequency count and mean using cutoff points of 70% and 3.50 respectively. The study concluded that ICT facilities were found unavailable given that only 3.66 percent with a mean value of 0.91 were found. ICT facilities in the schools that are available were found to be functional with grand percentage and mean of 78 and 4.40 respectively And ICT facilities were found Inadequate indicating grand ratio of 1:2,322 for the conduct of computer-based-examinations in senior school certificate examination. The study recommended among other that: Educational stakeholders such as government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and/or other philanthropic organizations should prioritize the supply of up-to-date WAEC recommended ICT Facilities and School administrators must ensure that ICT facilities are functional by establishing a regular maintenance programme, and partnership with internet service providers, investment in campus-wide WiFi infrastructure, and subsidized data plans. .

References

Abdullahi, A. R., Abdulrahman, M. J., Okogun, S. P., & Aliyu, H. (2026). Evaluation on integration of basic information and communication technology literacy among public secondary schools in Adavi Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria. Federal University Gusau Faculty of Education Journal, 6(1), 205–211.

Achor, E. E., & Ityobee, S. (2020). Survey of ICT literacy levels of basic science teachers and students in upper basic schools in Benue State Nigeria. BSU Journal of Science, Mathematics and Computer Education (BSU-JSMCE), 1(1), 159–175.

Aghauche, E. E., Makodi-Biereenu, Z. N., & Iereenu Nnabugwu, E. C. (2020). Availability and use of ICT in Kenneth Dike State Central E-Library, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Social Scientia: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 5(3).

AGILE. (2024). Great value seen in AGILE’s digital literacy program spurs prompt response from communities, traditional leaders, parents and teachers. Kaduna AGILE Project. https://www.kadagile.org

Ebimgbo, S. O., Igwe, N. J., & Okafor, A. E. (2021). Perceived effectiveness of computer-based test examination mode for large classes among undergraduates of Nigerian universities: Implications for social work. Journal of Social Work in Developing Societies, 3(1), 62–77.

Education Standard. (2025). Need for intervention to avert the pending massive failure of candidates intending to write the 2026 WAEC examination using computer-based testing (CBT); House of Reps halts WAEC’s 2026 CBT plan. Retrieved May 19, 2026, from https://educationstandard.ng (Note: URL placeholder – use actual page URL if available)

Federal Ministry of Education. (2019). National policy on ICT in education. https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/National_Policy-on-ICT-in-Education-2019.pdf

The Guardian. (2025). ANCOPSS raises alarm over Nigeria’s slow digital transition in education. Retrieved May 23, 2026, from https://guardian.ng/education/ancopss

Haruna, M. J., Umar, R. L., & Abdullahi, A. A. (2022). Design and implementation of computer-based test (CBT) application for colleges of education in Nigeria. Zaria Journal of Empirical Studies in Education, 2(1), 1–9.

Musa, S. (2024). Availability and utilization of ICT-facilities for teaching and learning of building-engineering-drawing as a language of communication by technicians and engineers in 21st century. In Education, arts, humanities and development in the 21st century: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference, Department of Arts Education, Faculty of Education, University of Jos (April 3–5, 2024).

Nsama, P., Masaiti, G., & Akakandelwa, A. (2020). Availability and usage of information communication technology facilities in secondary schools in Zambia. Zambian Journal of Educational Management, Administration and Leadership (ZJEMAL), 1(1), 87–106.

Nwanga, S. A., Bassey, P. S., & Mboutidem, F. J. (2026). Information and communication technology in Nigerian education system: Prospects, challenges, and the path forward. International Journal of Progressive Trends and Studies in Education (IJPTSE), 2(3), 11–25.

Nwosu, K. O., Ndidi, T. A., Jumbo, N. I., & Wordu, H. (2024). Availability and utilization of information and communication technology on academic performance of students in public senior secondary schools in Rivers State, Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Education Research, 12(4), 172–180.

Odinaka, C. B., & Ugwu, M. C. (2019). Extent of availability and utilization of information and communications technology (ICT) for effective teaching and learning in public secondary schools in Enugu state. International Journal of Management, Social Sciences, Peace and Conflict Studies, 2(1).

Okocha, T., Toluwani, E., & Owolabi, S. (2017). Student perception and acceptance of computer-based testing: A case study of Landmark University students. Journal of Digital Innovations & Contemporary Research in Science, Engineering & Technology, 5(1), 25–32.

Olabode, V. O., Alagbe, L. A., Aikomo, A. D., & Fabowale, Y. B. (2026). Extent of ICT utilization and available resources for teaching business education courses in tertiary institutions in Oyo State, Nigeria. COEASU Erudite Journal, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.2023/bq21bb62

Oladimeji, O. F., & Mwuese, B. C. H. (2018). Computer based test: Panacea to undergraduate students’ performance in Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria. Educational Research, 9(3), 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14303/er.2018.219

Onu, F. M., & Ezhim, I. A. (2019). Utilization of ICT facilities for enhancing instructional delivery of agricultural science in Nigeria secondary schools. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal), 2646.

Pareek, R. B. (2019). An assessment of availability and utilization of laboratory facilities for teaching science at secondary level. Science Education International, 30(1).

WAEC. (2026). WAEC CBT centre requirements 2026: Full guidelines for commercial CBT centres and schools (CBE accreditation). https://masterwaec.com/waec-cbt-requirements-for-schools

Published

2026-05-28

How to Cite

ASSESSMENT OF THE AVAILABILITY, FUNCTIONALITY AND ADEQUACY OF ICT FACILITIES FOR WAEC CBT EXAMINATIONS IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA . (2026). Impact International Journals and Publications, 2(issue 2), 1055-1066. https://impactinternationaljournals.com/publications/index.php/ojs/article/view/473

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Similar Articles

1-10 of 71

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.