A REVIEW ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: MEANING, CHALLENGES AND APPLICATIONS
Keywords:
artificial intelligence, machine learning, automation, ethics, industry applicationsAbstract
This study examined Artificial Intelligence (AI), focusing on its concept, evolution, challenges and applications across various industries. The study was guided by three research questions which addressed the meaning and evolution of AI, the challenges associated with its adoption and its key applications in modern industries. A non-empirical research design was adopted, relying on secondary data from academic journals, textbooks and institutional reports. Using qualitative content analysis, the study reviewed and synthesized existing literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of AI. The findings revealed that Artificial Intelligence has evolved significantly over time, progressing from basic computational systems to advanced technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing, robotics and computer vision. The study also found that AI has transformed industries by enhancing efficiency, accuracy and innovation, particularly in sectors such as healthcare, finance, manufacturing, education and cyber security. However, the study identified major challenges associated with AI, including data quality issues, ethical concerns, lack of transparency, privacy risks and societal implications such as job displacement. These challenges were found to limit the effective and sustainable adoption of AI, especially in developing economies. The study concluded that while AI holds great potential, its successful implementation depends on addressing these challenges through proper regulation, ethical considerations and capacity development.
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